---
title: Extraction of a comprehensive steroid panel from human serum using Biotage® Mikro ABN (no DHEAS)
description: This application note describes the extraction of steroid hormones from human serum using Biotage® Mikro ABN microelution plates prior to LC/MS-MS analysis.
---

[Literature ](https://www.biotage.com/literature)

# [Extraction of a comprehensive steroid panel from human serum using Biotage® Mikro ABN (no DHEAS)](https://www.biotage.com/literature/application-note/extraction-steroid-panel-human-serum-biotage-mikro-abn-no-dheas)

 Written by [Biotage](https://www.biotage.com/literature/author/biotage) | Dec 6, 2025 2:00:00 AM

Figure 1. Structures of Estradiol and Testosterone. 

## Introduction

This application note describes the extraction of steroid hormones from human serum using Biotage® Mikro ABN microelution plates prior to LC/MS-MS analysis. The simple sample preparation procedure delivers clean extracts and analyte recoveries mostly greater than 90% with RSDs lower than 5% for most analytes. Linearity of greater than 0.99 is achieved for all analytes from 1–1000 pg/mL.

Mikro plate extraction allows for very low elution volumes and enhanced workflow efficiency.

## Analytes

Cortisol, 18-OH-Corticosterone, 21-Deoxycortisol, Cortisone, Estradiol, 17-OH-Pregnenolone, Aldosterone, 11-Deoxycortisol, Corticosterone, Estrone, Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), 17-OH-Progesterone, Testosterone, Dihydrotestosterone (DHT), Pregnenolone, Androstenedione, 11-deoxycorticosterone, Progesterone  
The polar metabolite DHEAS is not included in this application note. If DHEAS is to be included in the panel, see application note AN939.

### Internal standards

Dihydrotestosterone- D3 (DHT-D3) and Aldosterone-D4.

## Sample preparation procedure

### Format

Biotage® Mikro ABN Plate, 2 mg, part number 600-0002-LVP

### Sample pre-treatment

Spike serum (200 µL) with internal standard solution and allow to equilibrate for 1 hour. Dilute with 1% formic acid (1:1, v/v). Mix.

Internal standard solution consisted of 10 pg/µL methanolic solution. 20 µL was added to 200 µL serum to give a 1 ng/mL spike concentration.

### Conditioning

Condition wells with methanol (100 µL)

### Equilibration

Equilibrate wells with 0.1% formic acid (100 µL)

### Sample loading

Load 400 µL of the pre-treated serum sample

### Wash 1

Elute interferences with water (100 µL)

### Wash 2

Elute interferences with H2O:MeOH (60:40, v/v, 100 µL)

### Dry

Dry plate for 2 minutes

### Elution

Elute analytes with Ethyl Acetate (30 µL)

### Collection vessels

Collect the eluent in a 1 mL square well collection plate (p/n 121-5202).

### Post elution

Evaporate extracts to dryness at 40 °C, for approximately 5 mins. at a flow rate of 20–40 L/min. using the Biotage® SPE Dry-96.

### Reconstitute

Reconstitute in MeOH:H2O (50:50, v/v, 30 µL).

Vortex mix and cover plate with a sealing mat prior to injection.

### Processing conditions

Biotage® Mikro plates were processed using a Biotage® Pressure+ Positive Pressure Manifold.

Settings:

- Condition, equilibrate, load, wash and elute steps: 7–9 psi (fine control setting)
- Plate dry step: 40 psi coarse setting for 2 minutes

## UHPLC conditions

### Instrument

Shimadzu Nexera x2 UHPLC

### Column

ACE C18 (100 mm x 2.1 mm, 1.7 µm) with a Restek EXP holder and ARC-18 guard

### Mobile phase

A: 0.2 mM Ammonium Fluoride (aq)  
B: Methanol

### Flow rate

0.4 mL/min

### Column temperature

40 oC

### Injection volume

5 µL

Table 1. HPLC gradient.

| Time (min.) | %A | %B |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 0 | 50 | 50 |
| 2 | 50 | 50 |
| 5 | 40 | 60 |
| 8 | 10 | 90 |
| 9 | 5 | 95 |
| 9.1 | 5 | 95 |
| 9.2 | 50 | 50 |

## MS conditions

### Instrument

Shimadzu 8060 Triple Quadrupole MS using ES interface

### Nebulizing gas flow

3 L/min

### Drying gas flow

3 L/min

### Heating gas flow

17 L/min

### Interface temperature

400 °C

### DL temperature

250 °C

### Heat block temperature

400 °C

### CID gas flow

270 kPa

Table 2. MS conditions and retention times for target analytes in positive  
and negative mode.

| Analytes | MRM Transition | Collision Energy | Ion Mode |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Cortisol | 363.4 > 121.25 | -24 | + |
| (363.40>327.15) |   |  |  |
| 18-OH-Corticosterone | 363.3 > 269.2 | -16 | + |
| (363.30 > 121.10) |  |  |  |
| Cortisone | 361.3 > 163.15 | -22 | + |
| (361.30 > 329.15) |  |  |  |
| 21-Deoxycortisol | 347.1 > 311.2 | -16 | + |
| (347.10 > 269.20) |  |  |  |
| Estradiol | 271.1 > 145.2 | 39 | - |
| (271.10 > 183.25) |  |  |  |
| Aldosterone-D4 | 363.1 > 190.3 | 19 | - |
| Aldosterone | 359.1 > 189.25 | 18 | - |
| (359.00 > 297.15) |  |  |  |
| 17-OH-Pregnenolone | 315.3 > 297.2 | -13 | + |
| (315.30 > 251.00) |  |  |  |
| 11-Deoxycortisol | 347.3 > 109.25 | -27 | + |
| (347.30 > 283.15) |  |  |  |
| Corticosterone | 347.3 > 329.25 | -16 | + |
| (347.30 > 283.15) |  |  |  |
| Estrone | 269.2 > 145.2 | 37 | - |
| (269.20 > 143.20) |  |  |  |
| 11-Deoxycorticosterone | 331.3 > 109.05 | -25 | + |
| (331.30 > 97.25) |  |  |  |
| DHEA | 271.10 > 253.20 | -13 | + |
| (271.10 > 213.20) |  |  |  |
| Testosterone | 289.3 > 97.05 | -23 | + |
| (289.3 > 109.2) | -25 |  |  |
| DHT-D3 | 294.4 > 258.25 | -16 | + |
| DHT | 291.3 > 255.25 | -15 | + |
| (291.3 > 199.05) | -15 |  |  |
| Androstenedione | 287.3 > 97.2 | -21 | + |
| (287.30 >109.20) |  |  |  |
| Pregnenolone | 299.3 > 159.25 | -20 | + |
| (299.30 > 281.20) |  |  |  |
| 17-OH-Progesterone | 331.3 > 97.1 | -22 | + |
| Progesterone | 315.2 > 97.2 | -22 | + |
| (331.30 > 109.15) |  |  |  |

## Results

 

In this application note, ethyl acetate is used as the elution solvent. Compared to methanol, improved analyte recoveries are achieved. However, if the polar metabolite dehydroepian- drosterone sulfate (DHEAS) is to be extracted, methanol should be used as the elution solvent (see application note AN939).

Using Biotage® Mikro ABN plates, very low elution volume (30µL) of ethyl acetate is possible. This extract is evaporated and reconstituted prior to analysis in a solvent compatible with the LC-MS/MS mobile phase.

Recovery data for ethyl acetate elution is shown below in Figure 2. The optimized SPE protocol delivers typical analyte recoveries above 90%, with corresponding RSDs below 10%, for most analytes.  
Figure 2. Typical analyte % extraction recoveries (n=7) using ethyl acetate as the elution solvent.

Figure 3. demonstrates representative chromatography obtained from stripped serum spiked at 5 ng/mL. Satisfactory resolution of the various isobars was obtained using the ACE C18 UPLC cartridge. In order to achieve low level detection of analytes in positive and negative ion modes a combination of 0.2 mM NH4F (aq) and MeOH was utilized.  
Figure 3. Representative chromatography for stripped serum spiked at 5 ng/mL.

Calibration curve performance was investigated from stripped serum spiked between 1–1000 pg/mL. Good linearity was observed for all analytes typically delivering r2 values greater than 0.99. Table 3. details linearity performance and associated LOQ for each analyte. Selected calibration curves are shown in Figure 4.

Table 3. Analyte calibration curve r2 and LOQ performance.

| Analyte | r2 | LLOQ (pg/mL) Dilute |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Cortisol | 0.9996 | 100 |
| 18-OH-Corticosterone | 0.9997 | 100 |
| Cortisone | 0.9992 | 25 |
| 21-Deoxycortisol | 0.9994 | 100 |
| Estradiol | 0.9998 | 100 |
| Aldosterone | 0.9996 | 250 |
| 11-Deoxycortisol | 0.9992 | 10 |
| Corticosterone | 0.9999 | 250 |
| Estrone | 0.9991 | 50 |
| 11-Deoxycorticosterone | 0.9995 | 100 |
| DHEA | 0.9991 | 250 |
| Testosterone | 0.9994 | 10 |
| DHT | 0.9993 | < 250 |
| Androstenedione | 0.9994 | 25 |
| Pregnenolone | 0.9990 | 500 |
| 17-OH-Progesterone | 0.9994 | 250 |
| Progesterone | 0.9990 | 1 |

Figure 4. Calibration curves for Estradiol (a), Testosterone (b), 17-OH-Progesterone (c) and Androstenedione (d).

## Chemicals and reagents

- Methanol (LC-MS grade), Ultra-Pure Methanol (Gradient MS), ethyl acetate (99.7%) and formic acid (98%) were purchased from Honeywell Research Chemicals (Bucharest, Romania).
- All analyte standards and deuterated internal standards were purchased from Sigma- Aldrich Company Ltd. (Gillingham, UK).
- Water used was 18.2 MOhm-cm, drawn daily from a Direct-Q5 water purifier.
- Mobile phase A (0.2 mM ammonium fluoride (aq)) was prepared by adding 7.4 mg of ammonium fluoride to 1 L with purified water.
- Internal standards (100 pg/µL) were prepared from a 10 ng/µL stock solution by adding 10 µL of each of to 990 µL of MeOH. 20 µL of this solution was then added to each calibration sample.
- The pretreatment solvent 1% formic acid was made by adding 1 mL of formic acid to 99 mL of water (18.2 MOhm-cm).
- The equilibration solvent 0.1% formic acid was made by adding 100 µL of formic acid to 99.9mL of water (18.2 MOhm-cm).
- Wash 2: H2O: MeOH (60:40, v/v) was made up by measuring out 60 mL of water (18.2 MOhm-cm) and 40 mL of methanol and adding both to a beaker.
- Reconstitution solvent was made by measuring out 50 mL of purified water (18.2 MOhm-cm) and 50 mL of mobile phase B and adding them to the same bottle.

## Additional information

- All data shown in this application note was generated using serum both stripped and unstripped purchased from Golden West.
- Ammonium fluoride in the mobile phase increased sensitivity in both positive and negative ion modes.
- Steroids exhibit non-specific binding to plastic collection plates. Different plastics exhibit different binding characteristics. The use of 2 µL of ethylene glycol can help to mitigate this issue. This application did not require the use of glycol.

## Ordering information

| Part Number | Description | Quantity |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 600-0002-LVP | Biotage® Mikro ABN Plate, 2 mg | 1 |
| PPM-96 | Biotage® PRESSURE+ 96 Positive Pressure Manifold | 1 |
| SD-9600-DHS | Biotage® SPE Dry Sample Concentrator System | 1 |
| 121-5202 | Collection Plate, 1 mL Square | 50 |
| 121-5204 | Pierceable Sealing Mat | 50 |

 

Literature Number: AN940

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