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Most drugs and metabolites are conjugated prior to excretion in the urine. Methods to detect drug analytes in urine usually include enzyme hydrolysis to convert glucuronide metabolites back to their f...
Drug screening using oral fluid has gained popularity over recent years due to its simple, non-invasive collection means. Screening drugs of abuse can be complicated due to the wide variation of funct...
Typical bioanalysis workflows for small molecules use organic solvents to precipitate proteins and extract analyte(s). Sometimes, extra clean-up, including liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) or solid phas...
Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) continue to gain traction in diagnostic and potentially therapeutic applications where oligonucleotides are the current modality of interest. Despite containing an unnatur...
To synthesize cyclic peptides, automated peptide synthesizers using solid phase supports have been the method of choice utilizing cyclization techniques such as lactam and disulfide bridges to impart ...
Synthetic chemistry is hard enough; purifying the reaction product can be even more challenging. If your reaction mixture shows you made your target but also many byproducts, what do you do? You can r...
Routine testing for drugs in urine is commonly performed by clinical, forensic, and pain management laboratories. The sample cleanliness required for analysis by LC-MS/MS can result in lengthy, labor-...
Buprenorphine and Norbuprenorphine are typically problematic for analysis due to analyte stability issues during sample preparation. A fast, reliable and robust sample preparation method that could be...
Oral fluid represents a complex, heterogeneous biological fluid primarily produced by the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual salivary glands. Together, these glands make the majority of saliva, wh...
Drug screening using oral fluid has gained popularity over recent years due to its simple, non-invasive collection means. Screening drugs of abuse can be complicated due to the wide variation of funct...