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Most drugs, both licit and illicit, are excreted in urine as glucuronide conjugates. Hydrolysis using beta-glucuronidase converts the glucuronidated metabolites back to their “free” or non-conjugated ...
Traditionally the analysis of aldosterone and angiotensin (for plasma renin activity measurement) are performed separately. However, the relationship of the aldosterone-to-renin-ratio is a very useful...
Whole blood continues to be a valuable tool in forensic toxicology for the immediate and near-term detection of illicit drugs, and in cases where no other sample is available. Screening drugs of abuse...
Miniaturisation within various fields of analytical chemistry is not a new phenomenon. Early phase small animal drug trials have largely been the driver due to limited sample sizes available. However,...
Hair analysis is growing in popularity due to the non-invasive nature of the sample collection. Hair testing can also provide advantages over other more widely used matrices, such as determination of ...
The screening for elevated levels of methylmalonic acid (MMA) in serum is commonly used as a clinical diagnostic indicator of Cobalamin (Vitamin B12) deficiency in humans. MMA is commonly analysed usi...
The nature of an environmental sample can vary widely and each matrix can have any number of unique properties that can either help or hinder the preparation process. However, it does not matter if th...
Propofol is used in clinical environments to induce states of anaesthesia or reduced sensitivity during surgical procedures. However, it also has the potential to be abused for short-term hallucinatio...
Exposure to per and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) has been linked with changes in metabolism, increased cholesterol, and high incidence of some forms of cancer. PFAS pose particular challenges in ...
Fentanyl and fentanyl-related analogues have been identified as the root cause of several notable mass-overdose events in recent years. The demand for testing of these drugs has rapidly increased due ...